车辆车钩系统常见故障与检修
方松
（南京铁道职业技术学院 机车车辆学院，江苏 南京 210031）
摘要：车钩缓冲装置是车辆最基本的部件之一。常见的车钩系统分为全自动车钩、半自动车钩和半永久牵引杆。从计划检修、重要部件检修和检修后的试验等方面阐述了三种车钩的检修。针对城轨车辆的实际使用情况，重点介绍了车钩系统的几种常见故障：车钩裂纹、车钩磨损、车钩钩耳故障、钩尾冲击座故障及车钩连挂解构故障，并给出了故障的处理措施。通过车钩系统检修和常见故障的分析，可以及时发现某些故障的前兆，预防故障的发生和防止事故的扩大，准确找出事故的原因，从而提高了工作效率及工作规范，减少行车事故的发生。
关键词：车钩缓冲装置；裂纹；磨损；钩耳；钩尾冲击座
中图分类号：U260.34+1 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2016.11.019
文章编号：1006－0316 (2016) 11－0071－06
The Common Failures and Troubleshooting of Urban Rail Vehicle Coupling
FANG Song
( College of Locomotive Vehicle, Nanjing Institute of Railway Technology, Nanjing 210031, China )
Abstract：Coupling buffer device is one of the most basic components of the vehicle. Common coupling system is divided into automatic coupling, semiautomatic coupler and semi-permanent traction rod. This paper expounds the three kinds of coupling of maintenance from the planned maintenance, key components maintenance and overhaul after the test, etc. In view of the actual usage of urban rail vehicles, this paper mainly introduces several common faults of the coupling system: coupling crack, coupling wear, coupler clasps fault, tail impact fault and coupler even hang deconstruction, then fault processing measures is also given. Through the analysis of coupling system maintenance and common fault, we can show early signs of some fault in time, prevent the happening of the fault and prevent accident expanding, pinpointing the cause of the accident, so as to improve the working efficiency and working rules, and reduce traffic accidents.
Key words：coupling buffer device；crack；wear；clasps；tail impact
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收稿日期：2016－07－25
基金项目：江苏省高职院校青年教师企业实践培训资助项目（2016QYSJ035）
作者简介：方松（1989－），男，江苏淮安人，博士研究生，讲师，主要研究方向为交通运输工程。
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