地铁悬挂设备用工装结构的评价方法

 杨延峰,申灏,杨兴宽

(中国铁道科学研究院 金属及化学研究所,北京 100081)
摘要:随着城市化进程的发展,地铁作为解决城市化拥堵的有效解决方式已经进入了高速发展阶段。地铁的安全运行必然是最重要的考量因素。以轮缘润滑装置的工装为例,重点讨论悬挂工装结构的评价至少应考虑疲劳强度、动态分析及所选螺栓的评价。根据轮缘润滑装置的结构及车体接口尺寸、其它有可能干涉的机械结构设计出轮缘润滑装置的悬挂工装。考虑到悬挂工装一般受到车体施加的振动载荷,首先依据EN 12663计算工装在运营工况下的疲劳载荷,对三维实体模型进行结构的网格离散化,再利用ANSYS软件计算出工装疲劳应力;而后根据工装的工作状态,计算出其约束状态的共振频率。根据有限元的计算结果提出螺栓所受载荷,并根据VDI 2230中的要求对螺栓进行评价。最后结表明工装的疲劳应力小于所选材料的疲劳极限,模态分析标明工装的固有频率远离车体的振动频率,螺栓的预紧力、静强度及疲劳强度也满足要求,因此设计的工装合理可行。
关键词:地铁;悬挂工装;疲劳强度;振动模态
中图分类号:U213.2+1 文献标志码:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2018.08.011
文章编号:1006-0316 (2018) 08-0050-05
Evaluation of the Fixtures Supporting the Hanging Equipment in Subway Trains
YANG Yanfeng,SHEN Hao,YANG Xingkuan 
 ( Metals & Chemistry Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China )
Abstract:Subway technology is developing rapidly to solve the problems of traffic congestion caused by urbanization. Safety has always been a major concern of subways. Based on the examples of the flange lubrication device, this article presents a standard to evaluate the mechanical reliability of hanging equipment in subway trains, including fatigue strength, dynamic analysis and assessing for bolts. The fixtures of the hanging equipment are designed taking the structure of the flange lubrication device, the dimension of the connection of cars, and any other potential mechanical interfere into consideration. Since hanging equipment often works under vibrations from cars, fatigue load under various working conditions has to be obtained first following EN12663. Then there should be meshing for the 3D model and hence fatigue stress is calculated. Resonance frequency is based on the situation of the fixtures. The load on the bolts could be educed from the output of the FEM Analysis. The evaluation of the them under VDI 2230 could be gained. The final conclusion indicated the fatigue stress is under the fatigue strength, and the natural frequency is below that of the cars. Also with the preload of bolts, static strength and fatigue strength all satisfying the demand of standard, we can say the designing of the fixtures is reasonable and reliable. 
Key words:subway;fixtures;fatigue strength;vibration mode
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收稿日期:2017-11-30
基金项目:中国铁道科学研究院院基金《城轨列车轮缘润滑装置的技术研究和产品研发》(2016YJ093)
作者简介:杨延峰(1990-),男,辽宁鞍山人,工学硕士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为金属材料工艺与服役行为研究。
 

 

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