制动时低黏着区处轮轨瞬态滚动接触行为分析
张鹏，赵鑫，温泽峰
（西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：建立了基于显式有限元的三维高速轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型，于时域内分析制动车轮通过长度1 m以下的短低黏着区时的瞬态滚动接触行为。模型采用了面面接触算法求解轮轨间滚动接触，考虑了轮轨真实三维几何和材料非线性。着重分析了低黏着区附近的轮轨力、应力、粘滑分布和摩擦功分布等的瞬态变化，结果显示：车轮进入低黏着区时，轮轨接触斑尺寸基本不变，但蠕滑力、接触斑内黏着区面积和摩擦功均显著降低，蠕滑率上升；待离开低黏着区并重新进入正常黏着钢轨后，显著升高的蠕滑率会使得蠕滑力和摩擦功显著高于滚入低黏着区之前的水平；低黏着区越长，发生磨损的可能性和严重程度越大；牵引与制动工况相比，蠕滑力/率方向相反，但黏着区的影响规律基本相同。
关键词：低黏着；列车制动；瞬态滚动接触；接触表面伤损；显式有限元法
中图分类号：U211.4 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2019.09.001
文章编号：1006－0316 (2019) 09－0001－07
Analysis on the Transient Wheel-Rail Rolling Contactin Short Low Adhesion Zone When Braking
ZHANG Peng，ZHAO Xin，WEN Zefeng
( State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：A 3-D transient rolling contact finite element (FE) model was developed by explicit finite element method, and the transient rolling contact behavior of the braking wheels passing through the low adhesion zone with a length of less than 1 m is analyzed. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm was employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheels and the railin consideration of the real three-dimensional geometry of the wheels and the rail and material nonlinearity. The analysis focuses on the contact stress, contact patch and the frictional work. It is found that the vertical contact stress and the total normal contact force of the wheels and the rail are unchanged, but the peristaltic force, the area of adhesive zone and the friction work in contact patch become obviously lower in the low adhesion zones and much higher as the wheels return to the dry rail. The longer the low adhesion zones are, the more serious the wear would be. The directions of creep force/rate of traction condition and braking condition are opposite, but the influence rule of adhesive zone is identical.
Key words：low adhesion；the train brake；transient rolling contact；contact surface damages；explicit finite element method
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收稿日期：2019－03－11
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51675444，51775455）；四川省国际科技合作与交流研发项目（2017HH0038）；新能源清运车批量生产工艺研究项目（GKY18ZX03）
作者简介：张鹏（1994－），男，江西抚州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为轮轨关系；赵鑫（1981－），男，山东泰安人，博士研究生，副研究员，主要研究方向为轮轨滚动接触力学和损伤。
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