面向大型复材板类零件自动钻铆的通孔深度在线测量研究
陶冶*,1，王新2，吴年汉1
（1.四川大学 机械工程学院，四川 成都 610065；2.航天材料及工艺研究所，北京 100076）
摘要：在航空航天制造领域，大型复合材料板类零件的钻铆工艺过程尚未实现自动化，其瓶颈在于该类零件通常具有面形复杂、壁厚不均特征，通孔深度测量与铆钉选取仍依赖人工操作，严重限制其装配效率与质量。以实现大型复材板类零件自动化钻铆为根本目标，提出一种新颖的通孔深度在线测量方法与装置。方法核心是将孔深参数转换为探针运动的位移数据，并据此完成装置光路、机械结构及硬件电路设计。装置功能模块包括探测激光光斑的激光收发单元、获取探针运动参数的位移感测单元、控制探针运动的驱动单元。最终，研制样机并进行初步实验验证，结果表明所提出方法与装置能够实现通孔深度高效自动化测量，为实现大型复材板类零件自动化钻铆提供了重要技术支撑。
关键词：在线测量；通孔深度；图像处理；自动钻铆；复合材料
中图分类号：TH161+.7；TH711；TP23 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2019.11.001
文章编号：1006－0316 (2019) 11－0001－08
Research on Online Through-Hole Depth Measurement of Large-Scale Composite Board Parts for Automatic Drilling and Riveting
TAO Ye1，WANG Xin2，WU Nianhan1
( 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; 2.Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China )
Abstract：In the field of aerospace manufacturing, the drilling and riveting of large-scale composite board parts has not been automated. The bottleneck is that such parts usually have complex surface features and uneven wall thickness, thus through-hole depth measurement and rivet selection are still carried out manually, which severely limits the efficiency and quality of assembly. In this paper, aiming at the realization of automatic drilling and riveting of large-scale composite board parts, a novel on-line through-hole depth measurement method is proposed and an introduction of the device to be used is included. The key of this method is to convert the hole-depth parameter into the displacement data of the probe motion which forms the basis for the design of the optical path, the mechanical structure and the hardware circuit of the device. The electrical hardware of the device consists of three units: a laser transceiver unit for detecting the laser spots; a displacement measuring unit for acquiring the motion parameter of the probe; a driving unit for controlling the movement of the probe. Finally, the prototype was developed and a confirmatory experiment was carried out. The results show that the method and the device can efficiently measure the through-hole depth and provide important technical support for the realization of automatic drilling and riveting of large-scale composite board parts.
Key words：online measurement；through-hole depth；image processing；automatic drilling riveting；composite board
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收稿日期：2019－09－03
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51505310）；国家教育部重点实验室开放基金项目（B201802）
作者简介：*通讯作者：陶冶（1984－），男，辽宁抚顺人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为智能制造与智能装备、创新设计理论与方法、复杂机电系统精密测量与控制。
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