金属激光三维打印技术的缺陷分析及其抑制对策
汤槟晖，徐婷*，孙志丹，田晋，谭业发
（陆军工程大学 野战工程学院，江苏 南京 210007）
摘要：针对金属激光三维打印过程中成形件的缺陷问题，在介绍选择性激光烧结技术（SLS）、选择性激光熔化技术（SLM）和激光熔化沉积技术（LMD）三种典型金属激光三维打印技术原理和特点的基础上，分析了成形件出现球化、孔隙和裂纹三种常见缺陷的原因，重点从粉末特性、工艺参数和后处理技术三方面叙述了抑制缺陷、改善成形件性能的对策。最后，为了进一步抑制缺陷，提出了研制新型粉末、协同运用处理技术以及研发高精度缺陷检测技术等措施。
关键词：金属材料；激光三维打印；缺陷；工艺参数；后处理技术
中图分类号：TG665 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2019.12.001
文章编号：1006－0316 (2019) 12－0001－08
Defect Analysis and Countermeasures of Metal Laser 3D Printing Technology
TANG Binghui，XU Ting，SUN Zhidan，TIAN Jin，TAN Yefa
( College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China )
Abstract：Aiming at the defects of metal parts in the process of metal laser 3D printing, this paper introduces the principles and characteristics of three typical metal laser 3D printing technologies, including selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM) and laser melting deposition (LMD), analyzes the causes of three common defects, including balling, pore and crack, and describes the countermeasures to control the defects and improve the properties of metal parts from the aspects of powder characteristics, process parameters and post-processing technology. Finally, in order to further restrain the defects, some measures such as the development of new powder, the synergistic application of processing technologies and the development of high precision defect detection technologies are proposed.
Key words：metal material；laser 3D printing；defects；process parameters；reprocessing technology
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收稿日期：2019－05－15
作者简介：汤槟晖（1996－），男，河南平顶山人，硕士，主要研究方向为金属激光三维打印。*通讯作者：徐婷（1985－），女，江西吉安人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为工程材料和增材制造。
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