列车制动盘表面温度分布演变的研究
农万华1，熊启纯1，韩晓明2，禤钊坚3
（1.柳州工学院 机械工程系，广西 柳州 545616；2.大连交通大学 连续挤压教育部工程研究中心，辽宁 大连 116028；3.东风柳州汽车有限公司，广西 柳州 545616）
摘要：高速列车制动条件下制动盘的温度不均匀分布是影响盘热疲劳损伤的一个重要因素。本文针对铜基粉末冶金闸片与锻钢制动盘构成的摩擦副，利用1:1制动动力试验台，进行了最高速度达350km/h的制动试验，结合红外热像与有限元分析技术，研究了制动速度和制动压力对盘面温度分布形态的影响。制动实验结果显示，在制动过程中盘面高温区优先在摩擦中径两侧形成，并随制动时间的增加向摩擦中径处偏移。有限元分析结果显示，制动盘摩擦中径两侧的接触压力明显偏大。由此可推断，闸片的燕尾结构致使摩擦中径两侧压力偏高，是盘面形成两个高温区的主要原因。摩擦速度随摩擦半径的增加而增加，导致摩擦半径大于摩擦中径的高温区优先磨损，磨损的不均匀性改变了接触压力分布。摩擦速度和接触压力的综合作用与高温区演化规律密切相关。
关键词：制动盘；闸片结构；摩擦磨损；摩擦温度
中图分类号：U26O.351 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2021.08.007
文章编号：1006-0316 (2021) 08-0046-07
Research on the Evolution of Surface Temperature Distribution of Train Brake Disc
NONG Wanhua1，XIONG Qichun1，HAN Xiaoming2，XUAN Zhaojian3
( 1.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou 545616, China;2.Engineering Research Center of Continuous Extrusion, Ministry of Education, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China; 3.Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor Co., Ltd., Liuzhou 545616, China )
Abstract：The non-uniform distribution of the temperature of the brake disc during the braking of high-speed train is an important factor influencing the thermal fatigue of the brake disc. In this paper, a friction pair of copper-based powder metallurgy brake pad and steel disc is tested on a full-scale test bench at a maximum braking speed of 350 km/h. With the technology of infrared thermal imaging and finite element analysis, the influence of the braking speed and braking pressure on the evolution law of temperature distribution and influencing factors is investigated. The experimental results show that the high temperature zones first form at both sides of the median friction diameter of the disc surface, and shift to the median diameter with the increase of the braking time. The finite element analysis results show that the contact pressure on both sides of the median friction diameter of the brake disc is obviously at a higher level, which indicates that the high pressure on both sides of the median friction diameter caused by the dovetail structure of the brake pad leads to is the main reason for the formation of the two high temperate zones on the disk surface.. The friction velocity increases with the increase of the friction radius, which leads to the preferential wear in the high temperature zone where the friction radius is larger than the friction mid-diameter, and the non-uniform wear changes the contact pressure distribution. The combined effect of friction velocity and contact pressure is closely related to the evolution law of the high temperature zone.
Key words：brake disc；brake pad structure；frictional wear；friction temperature
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收稿日期：2020-12-18
基金项目：广西高校中青年教师基础能力提升项目（2019KY1099）
作者简介：农万华（1980－），男，广西贵港人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为轨道车辆闸片材料与结构、机械摩擦磨损，E-mail：328868608@qq.com。
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