疲劳载荷周次对铁路车轴微动损伤的影响
史玉杰1，杨凯1，陈一萍1，刘为亚1，李亚波1，石广寒2，鲁连涛2
（1.中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 工程实验室，山东 青岛 266111；2.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘要：对比例车轴进行了微动疲劳试验，试验后对车轴轮座微动损伤进行了观察，并测量了车轴和车轮的微动磨损轮廓。此后，在考虑微动磨损的情况下，仿真研究了疲劳载荷周次对铁路车轴微动疲劳的影响。研究发现：车轴微动损伤区宽度几乎不受疲劳载荷周次的影响，而轮座边缘微动损伤随载荷周次增加而增加。低载荷周次和高载荷周次时，车轴微动区氧化物分别以黑色和红褐色为主。车轴、车轮的磨损宽度和深度随载荷周次增加而增加，这使得车轴轮座真实应力增加，最终导致车轴在较低的应力水平下萌生微动裂纹。车轴微动疲劳强度随载荷周次增加而降低，采用107周次疲劳试验获得的微动疲劳强度指导车轴设计偏于危险。
关键词：铁路车轴；载荷周次；微动磨损；微动疲劳
中图分类号：TU973+.254 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2022.01.007
文章编号：1006-0316 (2022) 01-0045-08
Effect of Fatigue Load Cycle on the Fretting Damage of Railway Axle
SHI Yujie1，YANG Kai1，CHEN Yiping1，LIU Weiya1，LI Yabo1，SHI Guanghan2，LU Liantao2
( 1.Engineering Laboratory, CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266111, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China )
Abstract：In this paper, fretting fatigue tests were carried out on the scaled railway axles. After the fatigue tests, the fretting damage of the wheel seat was observed, and the wear profiles of the axle and wheel were measured. Then, the fretting wear was considered in the FE simulation, and the effect of fatigue load cycles on the fretting fatigue of railway axles was investigated. This paper found that the fretted zone width was hardly affected by the load cycle, while the fretting damage of the wheel seat increased with the increase of the load cycle. For low-load cycles and high-load cycles, the surface oxides of the wheel seat were mainly black and reddish brown, respectively. The wear width and depth of the axle and wheel increased with the increase of load cycle, which increased the actual stress of the wheel seat, and finally leaded to fretting crack initiation of the axle under a lower stress level. The fretting fatigue strength of the railway axle decreased with an increase of the load cycle. The fretting fatigue strength obtained by the fatigue test of 107 cycles was dangerous for the railway axle design.
Key words：railway axle；load cycle；fretting wear；fretting fatigue
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收稿日期：2021-05-25
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51375406）；牵引动力国家重点实验室自主研究课题重点项目（2018TPL_Z01）
作者简介：史玉杰（1981－），男，山东青岛人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为车轴疲劳与断裂，E-mail：shiyujie@cqsf.com。
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