基于热点温度仿真的光伏电站变压器容量优化
聂黎1，王禹2
（1.京能建设集团有限公司，北京 102300；2.国能龙源电力技术工程有限公司，北京 100142）
摘要：集中式光伏电站设计中，大部分主变压器容量偏大。利用光伏系统小时发电量和环境温度等数据，通过对变压器每小时的热点温度及其相对热老化率的计算，精确仿真出变压器的寿命损失过程。通过适当减小变压器容量，增加其峰值过载倍数，加快其老化速度，在不影响其设计使用寿命的前提下获得变压器的经济容量。仿真发现，由于变压器空载时间远长于其满载时间，空载（或轻载）时的低老化率足以弥补其短时过载时的高速老化，适当过载并不会对变压器绝缘寿命造成实质影响。热点温度过高带来的变压器过早损坏风险上升为主变压器容量优化过程中的重点控制因素，是变压器容量优化的限制条件。
关键词：光伏电站；变压器；热点温度；相对热老化率；绝缘寿命
中图分类号：TK514 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2022.09.007
文章编号：1006-0316 (2022) 09-0042-07
Optimization of Transformer Capacity in Photovoltaic Power Station by Hot Spot Temperature Simulation
NIE Li1，WANG Yu2
( 1.Beijing Jingneng Construction Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102300, China; 2.SP Long Yuan Power Technology & Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100142, China )
Abstract：In the design of centralized photovoltaic (PV) power station, most of the main transformers have oversized capacity. According to the characteristics of PV power generation system, using hourly data of generated power and ambient temperature, the life loss of the transformer can be obtained by the accurate simulation of hourly hot spot temperature and relative thermal aging rate. By appropriately reducing transformer capacity, increasing overload rate and accelerating aging speed in peak time, transformer economic capacity can be obtained without affecting its prospective service life. The simulation finds that since no-load time is much longer than full load running time, the low aging rate of no-load (or light load) will be enough to compensate the high-speed aging during short time overload, and appropriate overload during peak time will not impact transformer insulation life substantially. However, the risk of premature failure of transformer caused by high hot spot temperature becomes the key limiting factor in the optimization of transformer capacity.
Key words：photovoltaic power station；transformer；hot spot temperature；relative thermal aging rate； insulation life
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收稿日期：2021-12-15
作者简介：聂黎（1984－），男，江西九江人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为新能源电力系统分析、运行与控制技术，E-mail：amnieli@163.com。
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