载货车悬挂系统固有频率的试验测试与分析
来飞
（重庆车辆检测研究院 国家客车质量监督检验中心，重庆 401122）
摘要：悬挂系统的固有频率是评价车辆平顺性的一个重要指标，为获取某型载货车悬挂系统的固有频率，参照国标GB 4783－1984《汽车悬挂系统的固有频率和阻尼比测定方法》，采取滚下激励法使其悬挂系统产生自由衰减振动，对试验结果运用频率分析方法，得出该车前左、前右、后左及后右部分悬挂系统的固有频率及阻尼比。结合悬挂系统的固有频率测试结果和轴荷分布情况，近似计算出了前悬和后悬系统的各项特征参数。进一步通过对车辆空载和满载情况下的四分之一悬挂系统动力学模型的仿真对比分析，表明：当以20 m/s的车速行驶在C级路面上时，满载下前悬和后悬的车身垂直振动加速度分别比空载时改善约20.6%和47.7%。
关键词：载货车；悬挂系统；固有频率；频谱分析；平顺性
中图分类号：TM935.23 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006－0316 (2013) 06－0038－05
Test and analysis about truck suspension system natural frequency
LAI Fei
( Chongqing Vehicle Test and Research Institute, National Bus Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Chongqing 401122, China )
Abstract：Natural frequency of vehicle suspension system is an important index of ride comfort. In order to obtain a type of truck suspension system natural frequency, referring to GB 4783-1984 (Method of measurement for natural frequency and damping ratio-Automotive suspension system), the method of rolling down incentive to produce free vibration of automotive suspension system and the frequency analysis method were used to get the front left, front right, rear left and rear right part of suspension system natural frequency and damping ratio. Combined with the experimental inherent frequency of suspension system and the axle load distribution, the characteristic parameters of front and rear suspension system were almost presented. Through the simulation of the no-load and full-load conditions of quarter car suspension dynamic model, it shows that when travelling on the C level road at the speed of 20 m/s, the body vertical acceleration of the front suspension and rear suspension at laden state can be improved respectively about 20.6% and 47.7% than that of lightly laden.
Key words：truck；suspension system；natural frequency；spectrum analysis；ride comfort
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收稿日期：2012－12－11
基金项目：重庆市质量技术监督局科研项目（KY201208）
作者简介：来飞（1983－），男，湖北天门人，博士，高级工程师，主要从事汽车整车方面的试验研究。
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