地铁车轮凹形磨耗对轮轨接触及动力学性能的影响
宦冬1，陶功权1，谢清林1，任德祥1，宫彦华2，温泽峰1
（1.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031；2.轨道交通关键零部件安徽省技术创新中心，安徽 马鞍山 243000）
摘要：对某地铁线路的车轮磨耗进行测试，发现车轮存在严重的踏面凹形磨耗。利用多体动力学软件SIMPACK建立车辆系统动力学仿真模型，研究凹形磨耗车轮与CHN60钢轨匹配时的轮轨接触特性以及车辆动力学性能，采用基于安定图的表面疲劳指数评价轮轨滚动接触疲劳特性。计算结果表明，车轮凹形磨耗使轮轨接触点对由连续分布变得分散集中，增大了滚动圆半径差和等效锥度，会降低车辆的非线性临界速度，但提升了车辆的曲线通过性能以及横向平稳性，对垂向平稳性几乎没有影响。凹形磨耗的发展增大了轮轨接触压力，使得R≤2000 m的曲线高轨侧车轮轮缘根部及钢轨轨距角处易产生滚动接触疲劳；R≤500 m的曲线低轨侧车轮假轮缘内侧与钢轨轨顶外侧有出现滚动接触疲劳的可能性。
关键词：地铁；凹形磨耗；轮轨接触几何；动力学性能；滚动接触疲劳
中图分类号：U211.5 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2021.07.005
文章编号：1006-0316 (2021) 07-0026-09
Influence of Hollow-Worn Wheels on Wheel-Rail Contact and Dynamic Performance of Metro Vehicle
HUAN Dong1，TAO Gongquan1，XIE Qinglin1，REN Dexiang1，GONG Yanhua2，WEN Zefeng1
( 1.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; 2.Pivotal Components of Rail Transit Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Ma’anshan 243000, China )
Abstract：The worn wheel profiles of one metro line are measured and the wheel hollow wear is found to be serious. The dynamic simulation model of metro vehicle is established with the SIMPACK multibody software to investigate the wheel-rail contact behaviour and vehicle dynamic performance when matching the hollow-worn wheels with the CHN60 rail profile, and the surface fatigue index based on shakedown map is used to evaluate the wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue. The results indicate that the hollow wear turns the wheel-rail contact points from continuous distribution into concentrated distribution at intervals, which increases the rolling radius difference and equivalent conicity, thus reduces the nonlinear critical speed but improves the curving performance and lateral ride quality of the vehicle without affecting the vertical ride quality. The development of the hollow wear deteriorates the wheel-rail contact relationship and increases the wheel-rail contact pressure, which makes the rolling contact fatigue easy to occur on the wheel flange root and rail gauge corner of high rail side of curves with R≤2000 m. For the low rail side of curves with R≤500 m, the rolling contact fatigue is possible to occur between the inner side of the wheel false flange and the outer side of the rail top.
Key words：metro；hollow wear；wheel-rail contact geometry；dynamic performance；rolling contact fatigue
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收稿日期：2020-11-20
基金项目：四川省区域创新合作项目（2020YFQ0024）；四川省科技计划项目（2020YJ0311）；中国博士后科学基金（2020M673281）；牵引动力国家重点实验室自主课题（2020TPL-T03）
作者简介：宦冬（1994－），男，江苏常州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为轮轨关系，E-mail：huandong_2018@163.com；温泽峰（1976－），男，广西南宁人，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为轮轨关系及减振降噪。
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