汽车起重机车架多目标尺寸优化设计
孙丰科1，高顺德1，徐金帅2，奚传峰1，郭二棒1
（1.大连理工大学 机械工程学院，辽宁 大连 116025；2.大连理工大学 工程力学系，辽宁 大连 116025）
摘要：车架作为汽车起重机的重要承载部件，其承载能力对汽车起重机的整车性能有很大影响。本文以55 t汽车起重机车架为研究对象，在SolidWorks中建立参数化模型并导入Workbench中对车架进行有限元分析，计算其极限工况下的应力、变形以及模态。通过参数敏感性分析得到各参数对优化目标的敏感度并确定合理的设计变量。构建以筋板厚度和位置为设计变量的响应面模型，以车架的许用应力为约束条件，基于多目标遗传算法对其进行多目标优化。得到优化结果后对其进行分析确定其合理性。结果表明，优化后的车架满足强度与刚度要求，质量减小了6.3%，第一阶固有频率提高了4.9%。
关键词：起重机车架；灵敏度分析；响应面；优化设计
中图分类号：U63.32 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2022.10.011
文章编号：1006-0316 (2022) 10-0067-07
Multi-Objective Size Optimization Design of Truck Crane Frame
SUN Fengke1，GAO Shunde1，XU Jinshuai2，XI Chuanfeng1，GUO Erbang1
( 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116025, China; 2.Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116025, China )
Abstract：The crane frame, as an important load-bearing component of a truck crane, its performance has a great influence on the performance of the truck crane. This paper takes the 55t truck crane frame as the research object. A parametric model is established in SolidWorks and imported into Workbench for finite element analysis of the frame to calculate the stress, deformation and modal frequency of the frame under extreme conditions. Taking the first-order natural frequency and total mass of the frame as the optimization target, the sensitivity of each parameter to the optimization target is obtained through parameter sensitivity analysis and reasonable design variables are determined. A response surface model with the thickness and position of the tendon plate as the design variables is constructed, and the multi-objective genetic algorithm is adopted to conduct the multi-objective optimization on the model under the constraint of the permissible stresses of the frame. After getting the optimized result, the analysis is conducted to determine its validity. The results show that the optimized frame meets the performance requirements and its weight reduced by 7% and the first-order natural frequency increased by 6%.
Key words：crane frame；sensitivity analysis；response surface；optimization design
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收稿日期：2021-12-21
作者简介：孙丰科（1997－），男，山东泰安人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为结构设计与仿真优化，E-mail：sunfengke1997@163.com；高顺德（1962－），男，辽宁大连人，教授级高级工程师，主要研究方向为工程机械。
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